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talking cure
''The Talking Cure'' and ''chimney sweeping'' were terms Bertha Pappenheim,〔 known in case studies by the alias Anna O., used for the verbal therapy given to her by Josef Breuer. They were first published in ''Studies on Hysteria'' (1895).
As Ernest Jones put it, "On one occasion she related the details of the first appearance of a particular symptom and, to Breuer's great astonishment, this resulted in its complete disappearance,"〔Ernest Jones, ''The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud'' (Penguin 1964)p. 202〕 or in Lacan's words, "the more Anna provided signifiers, the more she chattered on, the better it went".〔Jacques Lacan, ''The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis'' (London 1994) p. 157〕
==Development==
Breuer found that Pappenheim's symptoms—headaches, excitement, curious vision disturbances, partial paralyses, and loss of sensation,〔Peter Gay, ''Freud: A Life for our Time'' (London 1988) p. 65〕 which had no organic origin and are now called somatoform disorders—improved once the subject expressed her repressed trauma and related emotions, a process later called catharsis. Peter Gay considered that, "Breuer rightly claimed a quarter of a century later that his treatment of Bertha Pappenheim contained 'the germ cell of the whole of psychoanalysis'."〔Gay, p. 64〕
Sigmund Freud later adopted the term ''talking cure'' to describe the fundamental work of psychoanalysis. He himself referenced Breuer and Anna O. in his Lectures on Psychoanalysis at Clark University, Worcester, MA, in September 1909: "The patient herself, who, strange to say, could at this time only speak and understand English, christened this novel kind of treatment the 'talking cure' or used to refer to it jokingly as 'chimney-sweeping'."〔Sigmund Freud, ''Five Lectures on Psycho-Analysis'' (Penguin 1995) p. 8-9〕
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